The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief (Modern Library Paperbacks)
This book recalls an era when criticism could change the way we look at the world. In the tradition of Matthew Arnold and Edmund Wilson, James Wood reads literature expansively, always pursuing its role and destiny in our lives. In a series of essays about such figures as Melville, Flaubert, Chekhov, Virginia Woolf, and Don DeLillo, Wood relates their fiction to questions of religious and philosophical belief. He suggests that the steady ebb of the sea of faith has much to do with the revolutionary power of the novel, as it has developed over the last two centuries. To read James Wood is to be shocked into both thinking and feeling how great our debt to the novel is.
In the grand tradition of criticism, Wood's work is both commentary and literature in its own right--fiercely written, polemical, and richly poetic in style. This book marks the debut of a masterly literary voice.
"In America, where he now makes his home, consensus is building that James Wood, a thirty-four-year-old English-man, is the best literary critic of his generation. . . . Wood is not just a keen critic, our best, but a superb writer. James Wood is the kind of writer James Wood admires most: daring, meaty, boldly metaphoric and unequivocally committed."--Adam Begley, Financial Times
"After finishing one of James Wood's essays, I always feel that I have been in the company of a man who reads more perspicaciously and writes more incisively than almost anyone producing criticism today. His ability to transform complex, anxious thought into lucid, exciting prose is everywhere present in this wonderful book, as is an atmos-phere of civility, good sense, and justice."--Janet Malcolm
"In these essays a very bold intelligence illuminates literature and culture with a dashing fluency."--Elizabeth Hardwick
"In a distinctively impassioned voice, James Wood advances some formidable arguments for what fiction and the truthful deployment of the imagination can be. He is one of literature's true lovers, and his deeply felt, contentious essays are thrilling in their reach and moral seriousness."--Susan Sontag
"He is a true critic: an urgent, impassioned reader of literature, a tireless interpreter, a live and learned intelligence, good writing company. He has adopted the essay as his own; he uses it to write, in a way the serious writer does. That's to say, he drives his ideas hard; he hungers for metaphor . . . learned . . . cunningly brilliant."--Malcolm Bradbury, The New Statesman
"A book that makes you feel, having closed it, as if your mind has been oxygenated. While most reviewers tend to fall back on preconceived notions of good style, based mainly on their desire not to be challenged by fiction, Wood stands out for his desire to re-mint critical thought. He has the capacity to alert you all over again to the wonder of a single cadence, pulled out of the heart of a novel. He also forces you to reconsider what it is we mean when we say that a novel is real, is true, is great. There is no more, really, that we can ask of a critic."--Natasha Walter, The Independent on Sunday
"In this climate, James Wood's book is not just a pleasure in itself but a sign that things do not always necessarily go downhill. . . . 'Serious' books on literature and belief abound, but we have very few critics who can vie with Jarrell and Toynbee, who can remind us that talking about literature is a part of what literature is about, and talking about it with passion, precision, and out of a rich store of reading is a rare and precious gift: it is good for all of us that James Wood has it and we have James Wood."--Gabriel Josipovici, Times Literary Supplement
"James Wood has been called our best young critic. This is not true. He is our best critic; he thinks with a sublime ferocity. To enter Wood's mind is to cross a threshold: from the reviewer commonplaces that often pass for essay-writing into the intellectual daring that portends literary permanence. He is, for the moment, our Hazlitt. He may become something more."--Cynthia Ozick
"James Wood is an authentic literary critic, very rare in this bad time."--Harold Bloom
For James Wood, great fiction is always a venture into danger--a journey to the farthest shores. By extension, great criticism too should demand and risk all. And his first collection, The Broken Estate, does so again and again. Since Wood graduated from Cambridge in the 1980s and began reviewing for The Guardian, his name has been preceded by phrases such as enfant terrible and followed by adjectives such as fierce, fearless, and occasionally far worse. Few critics have such an urgent relation to their reading, and it is this, combined with his all-encompassing intellect and verbal velvet, that makes Wood so terrifying--and so tender. In his introduction to The Broken Estate he writes, "The gentle request to believe is what makes fiction so moving" (gentle, as both adjective and verb, and its adverbial form, seem key terms), and this is what Wood is drawn to explore in the Russian greats and the English, European, and American moderns, among others. Many of these essays originally appeared in the London Review of Books and The New Republic, where he is a senior editor, but his book is far from a bundle of accident. Wood's contention is that in the mid-19th century, the "distinctions between literary belief and religious belief" began to blur (or, depending on the writer, shimmer), causing a crisis for the likes of Melville, Gogol, and Flaubert, and leading to "a skepticism toward the real as we encounter it in the narrative." I suspect, however, that some will head straight for the pieces on their literary loves and not be so concerned with Wood's overarching thesis, at least initially. No matter. Each essay also stands on its own, whether the author is positing Jane Austen as "a ferocious innovator" more radical than Flaubert, Melville as the ultimate linguistic spendthrift, or Gogol as "a defensive fantasist." In a brilliant take on Virginia Woolf--Wood makes even the much-discussed new--he declares (admits?) that "the writer-critic, wanting to be both faithful critic and original writer," is caught "in a flurry of trapped loyalties." But he himself almost always works his way out of such snares, one of the many joys of this book. In his analysis of the several sides of Thomas More, for example, Wood first reads Utopia as a comedy but then suggests we read it "more tragically--not as a Lucianic satire but as a darkly ironic vision of the impossible." The aphorisms and aperçus come thick and strong. (Keepers of commonplace books should start a separate volume just for Wood.) For example, "Leslie Stephen acted like a genius but he thought like a merely gifted man." Or, "Hemingway has a reputation as a cold master of repetition, an icicle formed from the drip of style, while Lawrence is most often seen as a hothead who fell over himself, verbally." And he also has a gift for the telling domestic detail: Gogol "irritated others by playing card games he had invented and then changing the rules during play. He became rather selfishly involved with undercooked macaroni cheese, a dish he made again and again for guests." But Wood will dislike being complimented on his sentences as much as he claims Woolf did. His art, too, must be measured in chapters. Wood is a great lover, and this makes him if not a great hater then one who gets hot under the critical collar, his ardor turning to irritation and intemperance in pieces on Morrison, Pynchon, and Murdoch. But in his finest discussions--among them one on Chekhov and another on late-20th-century treasure W.G. Sebald--he instantly quickens writers, books, and readers into being. --Kerry Fried
The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief (Modern Library Paperbacks) Accessories
 How Fiction Works
The Irresponsible Self: On Laughter and the Novel
The Book Against God: A Novel
2666: A Novel
Netherland: A Novel
The Savage Detectives: A Novel
The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century
The Art of Subtext: Beyond Plot (Art of...)
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
A Mercy
The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief (Modern Library Paperbacks) Reviews
James Wood takes up the question of the novel and faith in this excellent collection of essays.
He is more critical of Flaubert than usual, drawing out what he perceives to be some of the problems of realism in a great work like 'A Sentimental Education.' James Wood is always interesting and erudite.
On the other hand, Wood reserves kind words for truly fine novelists like Henry Green and Iris Murdoch; he also makes decidedly uncontroversial appraisals of Gogol, Hamsun, Melville, and Austin.
'The Broken Estate' is an enormously accomplished collection of criticism.
Our most esteemed writers seem to have lost touch with the basic elements that make great fiction tick: character, description, mystery.
His criticisms of Morrison, Pynchon, and Dellilo encapsulate what is so often wrong with contemporary American fiction.
Perhaps more philosophical here than usual, Wood still demonstrates why he is the most insightful and eloquent commentator of fiction.
The American novel has unfortunately descended into a lumping amalgam of ostentatious allegories and social commentaries.
not what i was hoping for in a work of fiction criticism. 'meaty' reading and hard going, but i am persistant. very fine prose composition & worth the effort.
It's a book for those who appreciate thinking long and deep about literature, who appreciate being introduced to aspects of language and content they may never have previously considered, who take literature seriously and feel no need to apologize for it. Criticism for people who want to read something smart and insightful about books. Wood and this book is a perfect introduction to why he has acquired such a reputation at such a comparatively young age. There simply is no critic writing today as consistently well about literature as Mr. You may find yourself disagreeing but you will be forced to think hard as to why.
With other authors, such as Updike or Morrison, Wood picks at a sentence or two to suggest their prose style, then jumps ahead to their overarching themes and big ideas. It's no surprise that Wood's favorite contemporary novelist, W.G. With Iris Murdoch, for example, he concentrates on her essays; his few words about her fictionA FAIRLY HONORABLE DEFEATare just plain wrong. Or rather, for people who read novels just to squeeze them for big, important, gloomy ideas: alienation, the madness of being, the meaninglessness of world without God, and so on.Actually, Wood writes quite well about God. Which might explain why Wood usually writes about novelists without saying much about their novels. Novels tend to be rather pagan, agnostic, compromised affairs.
Sebald, is someone who's pulled off the difficult trick of writing novels WITHOUT characters or story.Now and then Wood can come up with a nice turn of phrase, but this is a highly overrated critic: narrow, incurious and priggish. Religion is the subject of his handful of good essays: in particular his look at God-haunted Herman Melville and the autobiographical title essay which explores Wood's own loss of religious faith. He has almost nothing to say about characters or story, which for some of us is the meat and meaning of fiction. This is literary criticism for people who don't like to read fiction. But spilt religion is his measure for all human experience, which is a strange point of view for someone who almost always writes about novels.
George Steiner, Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo and Toni Morrison are all intelligently criticized, a virtue to be appreciated when many of Wood's colleagues at the New Republic and the New Criterion would simply castigate them for having opinions more liberal than Madeline Albright. A great critic tries to remind us of the unaccountably neglected and the forgotten. To say that Moreau is "bland" misses the point. He cites Henry James criticism, as if it were obvious that James was Flaubert's superior. ("Sex exists for Updike as grass does, or the metallic sheen of an air-conditioning unit. What happened to those critics whose essays exemplified what Joseph Epstein has called "gravity".
Lawrence is given a sympathetic hearing which helps counter the view that he drowned his gifts in a lunatic, misogynistic quasi-fascism. Otherwise, what we do have here are a collection of interesting and thoughtful essays. Given the New York Review of Books' notorious reluctance to attract new talent, and the ideological prejudices of the American right, where is a new critic going to come from.James Wood is one such critic, and to say he is one of the best contributors to the New Republic is not praise enough. It does not include his witty evisceration of Tom Wolfe's A Man in Full, which demonstrates the difference between a flashy journalist and a real novelist. Better to say that he reminds one of the New Republic when it was an honest magazine. This is not philosophical at all, but a rather boring paganism, which finds the same degree of sensuality in everything.")
Leavis and Lionel Trilling. For those who think John Updike can never be castigated enough, they will find witty confirmation from Wood. Intelligent, thoughtful, morally serious, his collection does not show all his virtues. That he could make these judgements without reference to Flaubert's "Three Tales" is absurd.
An essay on Thomas More comes close to blaming him for not being a Protestant, and it is based on a dated Protestant historiography of the Reformation that has come under severe challenge from Eamon Duffy, Alexander Walsham and Christopher Haigh. Well, in Epstein's case he succumbed to the malevolent ideological miasma of Norman Podhoretz's Commentary. But the one essay that is truly unforgivably flawed is "Half Against Flaubert." Wood castigates Flaubert for being heartless, unsympathetic, morally empty. D.H. "The only burning question of Sentimental Education is whether Frederic is going to have sex with his various lovers." No, the burning question is whether there is Frederic Moreau's life and anything in Orleanist and Second Empire France that can preserve him from being suffocated by a heartless conservative mediocrity. Gogol, Chekhov and Roth's Sabbath's Theatre are all intelligently appreciated. This moralism leaks into his review of Morrison's Paradise, where he criticizes for being insufficiently judgmental.
It would be like discussing Tolstoy without reference to "The Death of Ivan Illych." Aside from insinuating that Flaubert is metaphorically guilty of the Catholic and monastic heresy of flagellation, Wood's criticisms of A Sentimental Education is singularly obtuse. Whatever happened to the tradition of morally serious criticism most famously exemplified by F.R. (Later essays on Giovanni Verga and Henry Green were written after this book was published). Reading this essay in the New Republic I was struck by the fact that this journal was one that looked like it has been edited by A Sentimental Education's cast. At one point Wood praises the moral intelligence of Jane Austen and praises' James' creation of Gilbert Osmond as a truly evil character. As academics concentrated more and more on trying to define what literature, many of the forums for the public intellectual took an increasingly hysterical and demagogic attitude towards modern literary theory. Wood grew up in an English evangelical household and gradually lost his faith in God's existence. The only essay here which does that is a fine one on the great Norwegian author Knut Hamsun.
Leavis' influence declined as a result of his parochialism, his narrow concentration on a few English writers, and his rather hostile and paranoid attitude towards criticism. Many people are, and many more are made that way by the world. It certainaly has more of its share of Naive Moreaus, ruthlessly fashionably Roques, fanatical turncoat Seneschals and unsuccessful opportunistic Deslauriers. In contrast to Flaubert, cannot one say that James and Austen rig the sentiments slightly. The nonconformist attitudes still remain though, with sometimes unhelpful results. Would we feel that Osmond was so evil is he had not married someone as unusually beautiful and sensitive as Isabel Archer.
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